Troops in Afghanistan – a Dramatic Case Study for AEIOU

Today’s post is from Anne Kohler, COO & Executive Vice-President, of The Mpower Group (TMG) and a contributor to the News U Can Use TMG blog.

What do these historic events have in common?

  • U.S. Invasion on North Korea
  • The Bay of Pigs
  • Watergate
  • Escalation of the Viet Nam War
  • The Hostage Rescue in Iran
  • The Challenger Disaster
  • The Bush Administration’s Invasion of Iraq

This list represents some of the biggest decision-making disasters in history.

A few weeks ago, the famous Washington Post White House author, Bob Woodward wrote an article entitled “Military thwarted president seeking choice in Afghanistan” which was all about the critical nature of decision-making.  What greater decision can there be than deciding the fate of tens of thousands of young U.S. men and women as they are sent into war-torn Afghanistan?   The article chronicles the process that President Barrack Obama undertook in finally deciding to send 30,000 additional troops as opposed to the 40,000 (which came highly recommended by his military leaders) in December 2009.

Obama discovered after months of negotiating with national security officials and being in the middle of a war entering its ninth year that three simple questions could still NOT be answered:

  • What is the mission?
  • What are we trying to do?
  • What will work?

In other words, what is the intended consequence in Afghanistan? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

As it turned out, Obama’s military leaders wanted to provide a solution (40,000 new troops) without defining a strategy – the answers to those three simple questions (obviously not so simple!).  Obama asked for a strategy (the answers to those questions) and asked for options, but the inability to answer those questions kept leading back to NO viable options except for an option that was UNacceptable to Obama.

Having been well versed in decision-making disasters from the past (see above), Obama chose to follow a more structured decision-making process.  He knew he had many intelligent key stakeholders at his disposal and wanted input, alignment, and buy-in from all of them.  He actually made a meta-decision – he decided how to decide by answering the following:

  • Who needed to be included in the decision-making process (stakeholders)?
  • What role would each stakeholder play in the decision-making process?
  • How would the decision be made – what criteria would they use to decide?
  • When did the decision need to be made?

Obama did a thorough stakeholder analysis to determine who needed to be included in the decision-making process.  He realized that it was critical to include both military and civilian leaders.  He also determined each stakeholder’s role in the process; keeping the final decision for himself.  He then determined the decision criteria and insisted on being provided options by his advisors, which was critical.  Finally, he did not allow himself to be rushed into making a quick decision (his military leaders tried to do just that) which allowed him the opportunity to consider many alternatives.

At the end, he “sold” his decision to all his stakeholders and insisted that they put their full support behind it.  Obama said, “I don’t want to have anybody going out the day after [the speech] and saying that they don’t agree with this.”

Time will tell whether or not this was the right decision for the U.S.  BUT what we can glean from this article is the importance of having a disciplined approach to decision making.  Even if all of Obama’s stakeholders did not necessarily agree with the final decision, it appears that they did respect the process.  Right before the decision was announced Obama gave Robert Gates, his Defense Secretary, a final opportunity to dissuade him saying, “Can you support this?  Because if the answer is no, I understand it and I’ll be happy to authorize another 10,000 troops, and we can continue to go as we are and train the Afghan national force and just hope for the best.”  Gates did not take Obama up on his offer.

This is just one example of the importance of decision-making.  This is the one skill that most leaders are never trained in, even though it is the most critical part of their job.  It is one of the elements of our AEIOU model, which stresses that the best infrastructure (people, process, tools, and technology – the consonants) in the world is useless without the glue that holds it together (Adoption, Execution, Implementation, Optimization, and Utilization – the vowels that turn the consonants into a language).

Some of the most important events in history required effective decision making and yet we spend little to no time on developing the skills necessary to make good decisions.  The recent deaths in the California wildfires have been attributed to poor decision making by the firefighters.  The good news is that this has led to the addition of decision-making to firefighter training.  One of the most critical decisions that affects all of us is that of a jury.  Yet numerous articles have been written about the fact that our present system does nothing to provide jurors with the tools to decide the fate of a human life.

We need to think about this key skill beyond our politicians and public servants.  How about executives of any kind?  Supply chain leaders?  Sourcing teams?  This should be a critical leadership skill that is purposely taught to all professionals – let’s provide the vowels to complete the language!

Thanks Anne!

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Strategic Sourcing is Dead!!! (The Debate Rages On!)

This is a repost from Sourcing Innovation.

The Strategic Sourcing Debate, Part VI: Yup. It’s still dead!!

Today’s guest post is from Dalip Raheja of The MPower Group, who declared that Strategic Sourcing is Dead, and who has returned to poke the hornet’s nest once more.

A very special thanks to those who engaged in a substantive debate, whether you agree or disagree with us. I am grateful for your time and kind consideration of our arguments and hope that you will continue to engage in the conversation. That was the Intended Consequence. The Un-Intended Consequence was the tone and tenor of some of the reactions. Let me apologize to those who got quite offended by my writing/language skills. As I have said in almost every conference I have spoken at over the years, I am a 3rd world immigrant trying to make a living here and learn the language at the same time, and that is still obviously a challenge for me. :)

I did not realize that this was a contest and that the doctor was playing Simon Cowell:)  Had I known this, I at least would have gotten a haircut and put on a nice suit! But let’s forget for a moment who won or lost, according to the doctor, and let’s look at the substantive points made by a number of the respondents. I will address some of them here, and others in a later post.

Clearly, Tim Cummins (IACCM, The Death of Procurement) and I mostly agree on the substance of the hypothesis. Where we may disagree is how to solve some of these issues. What is unique about IACCM is it represents a very innovative nexus in that it brings both the buy and the sell sides together. Especially if you fundamentally believe at the end of the day that the Intended Consequence for both sides is to establish relationships (commitments according to Tim) which create and deliver mutual value beyond the contracted transaction. In fact, there are organizations where both of these functions (buy AND sell side contracting) have been organized under a single leader and we think that is just a fascinating opportunity to maximize value. We call it the JANUS model (feel free to come up with your own name). We think one of the Next Practices the community should adopt is that the Sourcing/Supply Chain function should be an integral part of the sales process (Mpower Blog). Let that sink in for a while and hopefully you will agree. For a detailed discussion between Tim and me on this topic, you can listen to arecording of the webinar Tim and I just delivered:

It is also interesting to note the most recent post entitled “(The) Strategic Sourcing (Debate Part V): My 2 Cents” where the author states in his opening paragraph:

“It’s called strategic, but it’s not used strategically.”

Strategic sourcing, for the most part is seen as a procurement function, and typically, a transactional process leveraging tools such as RFx and Reverse Auctions in a tactical manner. Some large consulting firms, who offer services, treat Strategic Sourcing services similarly and mainly are utilized as “staff-augmentation”. For manufacturing organizations, where materials can be 60%-80% of the cost of goods, sourcing of direct materials needs to be approached as a Supply Chain challenge. Take the direct materials at the point of consumption and work backwards in the supply-chain several tiers, and understand costs. When the Supply Chain is worked cooperatively with suppliers, an organization can ask the question “How we reduce each others costs without adversely impacting each other’s margins”?

No disagreement with what he has to say. He does go on to give some examples of exceptions and while I don’t agree with all his examples, I would be very happy to agree there are many examples of pockets of excellence and we should find them and extract the Next Practices. However, I still maintain that to make the kind of dramatic change we need to make, mere CPR at this stage may not be enough.

In the post titled “Where does Strategic Sourcing fit in?”, the author shares a very similar professional background as mine (been there/done that, speaker and advisor) and has clearly posted a very thoughtful, measured response and I could not agree more with the gist of what he has to say. He lays out three questions, which he writes are even more fundamental, and I am happy to concede his point for a minute. What becomes obvious is we both end up in the same place … it hasn’t worked, it ain’t working, and it needs fixing right away.

Do your senior executives understand the enormous potential of modern supply management (only one element of which is strategic sourcing)?

I concur with this totally and this is exactly the argument we are laying out. What the author calls the “enormous potential” is what we are referring to when we talk about the destroyed value. And it is very clear senior executives do not understand that their Sourcing/Supply Chain organizations can help them get at this value because they only see their Sourcing organizations focused on cost/TCO.

Do your senior executives understand how to achieve that enormous potential — i.e., how to build the transformation roadmap and how to support it?

The quick answer is no. The more detailed answer is almost all organizations assume if they keep investing in their infrastructure (the consonants), they will get the results. And if the past few years have proven anything, it’s that this misses the whole issue of the vowels … how will these practices and the latest gizmos and technology be Adopted, Executed, Implemented, Optimized and Utilized?

If the answer to the first two questions is ‘no’, are you prepared to take a leadership role in helping your senior executives achieve the necessary awareness? If not, then debating the ‘strategic sourcing is dead’ question is moot at the company level.

And this gets at the crux of the issue because in a large majority of the cases, the answer to number three is a resounding NO!!! Furthermore, the follow-up question is why are we still where we are after 25 years? Until we understand that issue, I’m not sure how we go about determining how to fix it. Our research suggests that the biggest reason is the singular focus on cost (TCO etc.) gets in the way of senior executives achieving the necessary awareness because cost is but one element of their decision criteria and that is why we must fundamentally alter the sourcing process and initiate the process with their decision criteria while not abandoning cost.

The author then goes on to say: 

And to all of the above, I have a simple one word response … AMEN!! And that is exactly why we are issuing the clarion call to acknowledge that it hasn’t worked, it ain’t working, and we need to fix it right away. It was also very heartening to see a reference to a Transformation Roadmap because that is exactly what we have been recommending and delivering to clients for more than a decade. I will agree we are going further and saying the current approach and process (even with the latest technologies, decision optimizers, risk simulators, etc.) ain’t gonna work; and, we can either keep trying to fix it or we can all agree that we need to apply a fresh perspective and come up with something totally different.

  • Believe it or not, 25 years after the birth of strategic sourcing, many companies of all sizes still are not aware of “true” strategic sourcing.
  • Equally astonishing, a surprising number of companies believe they are using strategic sourcing, but in fact are not.
  • Perhaps as a reaction to the need for “quick wins” in the current business environment, some companies who previously used a true strategic sourcing process have since “dumbed down” their process into a tactical ghost of what it used to be.
  • As noted above, trying to introduce and embed strategic sourcing without the supporting pillars of a transformation roadmap is likely to generate only short-lived benefits.

 

So please join the debate, and yes, debate implies a conversation. All I ask is that we keep the confrontations constructive and stay away from the name calling, innuendo, and disparaging comments. We will be the first ones to admit that if we are now right, then obviously we too have been wrong in the past. And if you are truly a committed defender of the status quo, our best wishes to you. I will respond to some of the other commentary in a later post. I will also provide my reading of the Doctor’s TVM and Gartner’S DDVN.

Thanks, Dalip!

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Ask The Expert – Tim Cummins and Dalip Raheja Debate the Future of Strategic Sourcing

Ask the Expert – The Death of Strategic Sourcing
23 Sep 2010
(Register)

Ask the Expert – The Death of Strategic Sourcing
September 23rd, 15:00 UTC, 4PM BST, 5PM CET, 11AM ET US, 8AM PT US

Join Dalip Raheja and Tim Cummins as they debate the future direction of sourcing and procurement …. and the impacts of today’s market conditions on traditional approaches to selling.

The growing importance of supply relationships is driving greater focus on value and outcomes. Can the sourcing function switch it methods and behaviors to meet changing business needs? And what are the implications for suppliers, in terms of the way that commitments are negotiated and managed?

This program will draw upon a series of articles produced by Dalip and Tim in recent months, with particular focus on Dalip’s series ‘The Death of Strategic Sourcing’.

Our Expert: Dalip Raheja

Dalip Raheja is President and CEO of The Mpower Group. Dalip has over 25 years of experience managing large organizations and change initiatives. He has worked across the spectrums of supply chain management, strategic sourcing, and management consulting.

Prior to founding TMG, Dalip created and led the Strategic Initiatives group for Bank One. This internal consulting organization launched and managed large complex change initiatives for the bank. The group’s capstone achievement was creation of a comprehensive Strategic Sourcing program that achieved over $1.3 billion in documented savings over three years and seamlessly integrated the spend of two other merged organizations. This effort encompassed every area of bank spend and involved both Insourcing and Outsourcing. Prior to joining the bank, Dalip was a Principal and Regional Business Development Manager in the Strategic Consulting Group of Digital Equipment Corporation.

Dalip is a recognized thought leader, a frequent contributor to research papers and articles, and a much sought after speaker on the topics of Strategic Sourcing, Outsourcing and Change Management. Dalip has been responsible for fundamentally altering the paradigm of strategic sourcing methodologies by incorporating change management practices.

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TCO has Failed! Value Maximization is the "Next" Practice Webinar

Join Dalip Raheja, CEO for The Mpower Group, for this webinar as he examines the underlying reasons that a Total Cost of Ownership approach to procurement will NEVER yield exceptional business results.

Register Now

Date: Friday, September 17, 2010
Time: 12:00 p.m. CDT

The last decade has been one of continued elevated awareness for Procurement & Supply Chain organizations. C-Suites have increasingly looked to these functions as a source of cost reduction and competitive advantage. This webinar will discuss the fundamental challenges that Sourcing & Supply Chain executives face today in their quest to meet rising expectations, elevate the role of their function, and drive exceptional business results.

Based on research done by The Mpower Group, we lay out an argument that says that the way Strategic Sourcing is done today ultimately destroys long-term value. It will never be the silver bullet that so many boards and CEOs expect.

What’s needed is a new approach to sourcing, a “Next” Practice.

Join us as we share how a Value-based approach to Strategic Sourcing & Supply Chain Management can close the gap between what you are doing today and what your organization needs to be doing to drive exceptional business results.

Based on a 2009 survey of executives, analysts and industry consultants, we’ve determined that the majority of Procurement & Supply Chain organizations still struggle with many of the same challenges they faced a decade ago – despite huge investments in people, processes and technologies. We’ve concluded that this stagnation is the result of A) fundamentally weak strategies and B) poor implementation/adoption of sound strategies.

Regards,

Nicolas Hummer
Director of Client Relations
The Mpower Group, Inc.
nicoh@thempowergroup.com

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A Simple Soda: Penny Wise, Value Foolish

Yesterday I flew coach on Delta Airlines from Atlanta to Chicago.  .  .  It was almost an hour into the flight when I realized that I had yet to be offered something to drink.  In trying to determine where the delay was coming from, I observed the flight attendants offering passengers drinks and I noticed that it was taking an inordinate amount of time when a passenger ordered soda.   This was because the flight attendant needed to fill a glass with ice, open the can, pour the soda into the cup of ice (the can needed to be tipped several times so that the liquid could be distributed slowly so as not to spill while filling the glass)  and then hand the cup (not the can) to the customer.  This process took twice as long (four times as long for diet soda since it “fizzes” more)as someone who simply ordered water (no bubbles to deal with) or beer, wine or other alcohol because the passenger was handed the entire container (bottle or can) to pour themselves.

Being a supply chain geek AND being somewhat obsessed by our recent focus on Value, I decided to apply our Value model.  I started with the flight attendant.  I asked her opinion of the soda process and was told that she had been instructed to pour the soda into a glass as opposed to offering the can because she can get two drinks out of one can – thereby accomplishing the “Intended Consequence” of cost savings.   If I were to guess, I would assume that this decision was made by the Controller (a key stakeholder in this case) – without consulting two other major stakeholders, the flight attendants and the customers.  Along with this strategy came a few “Unintended Consequences” such as a significant decrease in productivity, increased waiting time for passengers, decrease in the perception of the brand (Delta looks cheap) and poor customer satisfaction.  If I apply the Value model to this business problem I discover that the $.10 cost savings per can must be weighed against the destruction in Value (defined here as productivity, wait time and customer satisfaction).  Is it really worth it??? By the way, if I ask the flight attendant for the entire can of soda,  he/she will give it to me or if I ask for a second glass of soda later in the flight he/she will give it me.  So why not do it right the first time????

If you still don’t believe the Value model works try it on anything you buy – good or service and use the “Intended” and “Unintended Consequences” approach to see where Value is either enhanced or destroyed.  It really does works!   This is why we are rather vocal in explaining that taking a cost focus (traditional Strategic Sourcing), like my soda example, can actually destroy value.  In this case, the most important stakeholders, the flight attendants and the customers were not even considered. Does that sometimes happen in Strategic Sourcing?

Now let’s take this model one step further by taking a closer look at the Airline Industry as a whole. Over the last several years, the Airline’s have had a relentless focus on cost.  They have uncovered almost every possible source of cost savings imaginable and as a result have destroyed most of the convenience and/or enjoyment (VALUE) many of us experienced in flying.  In a traditional cost focused approach, which is considered “Best Practices”, I suppose next year the Airlines will be looking for at least another two cents to shave off the price of soda – isn’t that how Strategic Sourcing works?  Isn’t that how they are measured?  Is this model working for them??  Is it sustainable?  If not, perhaps it is time to move on to “Next Practices”.

In the spirit of exploring “Next Practices” I tested my theory on Value with a few of the passengers sitting around me on this flight.  I asked a number of business travelers (because these are frequent travelers) if they would be willing to pay more for a better experience (VALUE).   What I suggested was a nominal fee ($50 – $75) which could buy them early boarding (this costs the airline nothing), free drinks and WIFI (this costs the airline pennies), etc.  The response was a resounding YES – even if their company would not pick up the tab.  If what I heard was true then here is an untapped opportunity to increase revenue for the airline and VALUE for the customer.  This takes the “Best Practice” model of squeezing every last dime out the system (thereby destroying value) and turns it upside down.  Is creating VALUE for both sides sustainable?   Could it be a competitive advantage?  Could this approach be the “Next Practice” for Strategic Sourcing?  Should it? Without “Next Practices” we may find the next wave of cost cutting to include a charge for restroom use or a discount for standing as opposed to sitting during a flight!

As a side note, later in the flight, I overheard the flight attendants discussing this value idea.  They suggested that I send a note to the CEO of Delta which I intend to do.  I will keep you posted.

The debate continues around cost verses Value.  We welcome your comments and examples . . . . . . . . .

Anne

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